The most primitive form of a change from the window openings form, which is used to resist the bad weather and outdoor lighting. When the window material is very rich, from the parchment to goatskin, horn slices to linseed oil - in fact, any a translucent, light transmitting materials can be used for the window. Eleventh Century with the construction of the European Christ Church and a large number of stained glass applications, the role of the window into the decorative arts to render religious mystery. Before the end of seventeenth Century, the "lattice window" by the glass production constraints, are based on the outline of the grid to the corresponding small pieces of glass into the glass. So at this time the window function is just the wind and rain and prevent thieves invasion. Until the end of seventeenth Century, with the progress of the times, the production of glass industrialization, the relationship between people and nature, people realized that the window should be pure - and not only has a simple lighting, viewing, shielding the role of wind and rain. During British invention of the straight edge vertical hinged window (i.e. casement); the Dutch invented the sash (i.e. sash window), sash along the vertical direction in a sliding way by a pulley device control. Marks the birth of "door and window hardware system".

五金系统在铝合金门窗系统开发中的目标及作用

The object and function of hardware system in the development of aluminum alloy door and window system

随着建筑形式及功能要求的不断发展，对门窗幕墙的要求越来越高，而为了满足建筑的要求，五金系统技术在门窗设计中的作用也需要被重新思考。这看起来非常简单，但事实并非如此。这需要精心的规划、引导并投人大量的精力、财力才能达到这样的设计目的。五金系统的开发设计应具有一定的适应性和灵活性。在设计开发过程中应充分考虑“建筑因素”及“人的因素”。使其装饰性、功能性、安全性、便捷性及舒适性均应满足建筑设计的要求。

With the continuous development of architectural form and functional requirements, the requirements of the curtain wall is more and more high, and in order to meet the requirements of the building, hardware system technology in the role of doors and windows design also need to be re thought. That looks very simple, but it is not the case. This requires careful planning, guidance and investment a lot of energy and financial resources to achieve the purpose of such a design. Hardware system design and development should have a certain adaptability and flexibility. In the design and development process should be fully considered "building factor" and "human factor". Its decorative, functional, safety, convenience and comfort should meet the requirements of architectural design.

对于铝合金门窗系统开发设计的最终目标----种新的门窗形式，只有当设计者头脑中产生了完整清晰的设计概念后，才能产生明确的门窗形式。因此为了实现这个目标，设计者必须将其问题追溯到最初的功能因素，并能在其中找到某些模式。只有理解了我们的目标和设计准则，然后才能进行系统开发。所以门窗的系统开发与门窗五金的选型或开发是紧密相连、相辅相成的。更重要的是门窗的风压变形性、水密性、气密性、保温性、隔声性、内变形性、启闭性、垂直荷载、反复启闭性等都与五金系统有关，五金系统对门窗性能的优劣，起着决定性的作用，正如门窗行业专家李之毅教授所倡导的“五金配件非配角，而是门窗的心脏”。

For aluminum alloy doors and windows system development and design of the ultimate goal - a new form of doors and windows, only when the designer's mind has a complete and clear concept, to produce a clear window and door form. So to achieve this goal, the designer must be traced back to the original features of the problem, and can be found in some of the models. Only by understanding our goals and design guidelines, we can develop the system. So the development of the system and the doors and windows and doors and windows hardware selection or development is closely linked to each other. More important is the wind pressure deformation, water tightness, water tightness, air tightness, insulation, sound insulation, internal deformation, opening and closing, vertical load, repeated opening and closing, and other hardware systems are related to the performance of the door and window, and play a decisive role, as the door and window industry expert Professor Li Zhiyi advocated hardware accessories non supporting role, but the heart of the doors and windows".

门窗五金系统的多样化

Doors and windows hardware system diversification

建筑设计理念的发展和窗户系统技术以及机械和材料工业的进一步发展，建筑五金的范畴也从传统简单的形式向功能性、专用性发展。门窗将更具有生机，节能系统、采光系统、通风系统与门窗的联系将使五金件具有更准确的功能特性，以及与门窗各相关系统良好的适应性。各种各样的五金系统应运而生，如市场常见的形式：外平开五金、内平开五金、内开内倒五金、中悬窗五金(垂直悬转)、中悬窗五金(水平旋转)、外悬窗五金、推拉五金、外平推五金、内倾平滑侧移五金、电动五金、智能化电动五金、折叠开启五金、提拉五金、通风换气装置等等。

The development of architectural design concept and the development of windows system technology and the further development of mechanical and material industry, building hardware category also from the traditional simple form to the functional, special development. Doors and windows will be more dynamic, energy saving systems, lighting systems, ventilation systems and doors and windows of the link will make the hardware has more accurate functional characteristics, as well as the doors and windows and doors and windows of the relevant systems. A variety of hardware system arises at the historic moment, forms such as the common market: flat open hardware, flat open hardware, opened within the inverted hardware, hanging in the window hardware (vertical hanging turn), suspended window hardware (horizontal rotation), suspended window hardware, push and pull push hardware accessories, flat, move to introverted smooth side and hardware, electrical hardware, intelligent electric hardware, folded to open hardware, lifting hardware, ventilation equipment and so on.

下面就门窗通风换气功能作一分析，就可见门窗五金的前景方向及其多样化。2002年版的《中国生态住宅技术评估手册》要求“门窗开启时室内应有穿堂风的条件，室内90%以上的空间应能实现自然通风”(必备条件)。2001年国家住宅与居住环境工程中心编写的《健康住宅建设技术要点》中要求“住宅的居住空间应能自然通风，无通风死角”，“应防止空气污染对人体健康的损害，制止室内空气中的病原体和有害物质的侵害。在冬季采暖和夏季空调期间，应有室内新鲜空气交换和补充设备”。上述要求所表明的就是充分利用自然通风，而门窗的通风就需要配套安装的五金件控制窗扇的开启方向来调整风向、风速和进风量，其副作用就是热量损失，增加建筑能耗负担，以及空气夹带的杂质和蚊蝇进入室内等。冬夏两季，室内温度随通风迅速变化，夏天冷空气泄露导致室内升温，冬天则导致室内热量迅速和大量散失，室内外空气流动伴随的热量变化是导致能耗的重要原因，大致占建筑能耗的20%左右。考虑到通风时间因素，窗户的开启扇往往是即时开启和关闭的，如果采用有过滤装置的窗式通风换气五金设计，虽然及时通风效果不明显，但可持续通风换气，而且室内温度迟缓变化，更适应舒适性和健康性的需要。因此窗户通过五金系统的组合精心设计，从而可以实现良好的自然通风

Below the door and window ventilation function for an analysis, we can see the future direction of the doors and windows and doors and windows. The 2002 edition of the "China ecological residential technology assessment manual" requirements "open the doors and windows when the indoor draught should be, more than 90% of the indoor space should to realize natural ventilation" (necessary conditions). 2001 national residential and living environment engineering center of the "health residential construction technology points" in the requirements of "residential space should be able to natural ventilation, no ventilation dead", "should prevent air pollution to human health damage, to stop the indoor air of pathogens and harmful substances. During winter heating and summer air conditioning, there should be room for fresh air exchange and supplementary equipment". The show is to make full use of natural ventilation, and ventilation doors and windows requires supporting the installation of metal pieces control window sash opening direction to adjust the wind direction, wind speed and air flow into the, the side effect is to heat loss and increase the burden of building energy consumption, and air entrainment of impurities and mosquitoes and flies into the interior. Both in summer and winter, indoor temperature with ventilation rapidly changing, summer cold air leaked cause indoor temperature, winter in indoor heat rapidly and lost a lot, the heat change with the indoor and outdoor air flow is an important reason to cause the energy consumption, accounting for roughly 20% of building energy consumption. Considering the factor of ventilation time, windows open the fan is often instant turn-on and turn off, if the filter window ventilation hardware design, although timely ventilation effect is not obvious, but sustainable ventilation and indoor temperature slow changes, more adapted to comfortable and healthy. So the window through the combination of hardware system design, so as to achieve a good natural ventilation effect.